Health Tourism - Part I


Health tourism is a business area experiencing explosive growth on the planet. Health tourism is defined as the movement of people, regionally or internationally, in search of medical or hospital treatment. As it is an open definition, market estimates vary according to the criteria defined by each research institute.


There are those who consider only the medical and hospital services provided to patients. For them, the global health tourism market is worth US$32 billion. In an intermediate level, there are the institutes that also include the expenses of those who go to beauty spas and other procedures of a purely cosmetic nature. In this case, the sector moves something like US$100 billion. Finally, there are those who estimate the total economic impact of a trip in search of treatment, including the costs of air travel, accommodation, companion expenses, the purchase of medicines, home care or rehabilitation services, travel insurance, ground transportation, food expenses, and so on. In this case, the total economic impact of health tourism reaches US$220 billion worldwide. All estimates refer to the year 2023.


Where there seems to be little disagreement is in the annual growth rate of the market. All the institutes converge their estimates to numbers between 13% and 14% CAGR. In other words, whatever the real size of the market, it will double in the next 10 years.


People travel in search of better or cheaper treatments. Data from the International Healthcare Research Center (IHRC) indicate that Brazil received around 55,000 health tourists per year before the pandemic, the vast majority coming from neighboring countries: Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay.


Patients stay for an average of two months, travel with someone else and spend around 50 thousand dollars. There is no data on domestic health tourism, that is, Brazilians from less well-equipped cities who travel to larger centers in search of treatment. Before talking about Brazil and the potential of this market, let's recap the history of health tourism. It is useful to understand where we are and, most importantly, where we can go. Where it all began


90s – “Medical Travel”


It was in the 1990s that travel in search of medical treatment stopped being an activity for millionaires and began to become more accessible. At the time, the term “Medical Travel” was used for tourism trips that included something related to health. There was no thought yet of trips planned for long stays and treatments. It was simply a tourism product boosted with the opportunity to benefit from some medical services at the destination.


Early 2000s – “Medical Value Travel”


Com o aumento do interesse das pessoas nos serviços médicos de outros países, começam a surgir as viagens planejadas, focadas principalmente em buscar tratamentos especializados. Surge a indústria de turismo de saúde. Por essa época, multiplicavam-se os nomes pelos quais esses programas eram ofertados: Destination Health, Health Excellence, Excellence Medicine, Medical Value Travel. Final dos anos 2000 – “Internacional Patient Services”


As seguradoras e operadoras de planos de saúde descobrem que, para certos procedimentos, é mais barato pagar pela viagem e tratamento do paciente em outros país. O movimento de internacionalização do atendimento médico, estimulado pelas grandes empresas do setor de saúde, intensifica-se. A recém-criada Medical Tourism Association passa a reconhecer a gestão destes serviços como “International Patient Services”. Preço deixa de ser o único driver de mercado. Crescem as expectativas dos pacientes, bem como a necessidade de se monitorar a qualidade dos procedimentos e atendimentos oferecidos em outros países.


Meados dos anos 2010 – “Medical Tourism”


Em 10 anos, o antes desconhecido Turismo de Saúde estabelece-se como atividade econômica significativa, beneficiando alguns países que se tornaram destinos preferidos em função do menor custo e boa qualidade dos serviços médicos oferecidos, quando comparado aos países desenvolvidos: Costa Rica, índia, Tailândia, Malásia e México encabeçam a lista.


Anos 2020 Pré-Pandemia - “Medical Tourism Industry”


Alguns países, em especial os asiáticos, incorporam o Turismo de Saúde em seus planejamentos nacionais como estratégia para alavancar tanto a indústria de turismo quando o setor de saúde, estimulando o crescimento econômico e a geração de empregos qualificados.


Fatores que impulsionam o crescimento do Turismo de Saúde no mundo

O Turismo de Saúde se enquadra dentro da economia prateada dado que boa parte dos viajantes são 50+. Portanto, os fatores que o estimulam são similares aos de qualquer outro mercado prateado:


Facilidades e custos razoáveis de viagem e hospedagem Também colaboram na expansão dessa pujante atividade econômica:



In the second article of this series, we will learn in more detail about the current status of the health tourism industry in Brazil post-pandemic, and in the world as a whole.


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Author: Fabio Nogueira

Fabio Nogueira is CEO of the Longevity Observatory. Nogueira studied civil engineering at the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo...


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** Every article in which the author presents and defends his ideas and opinions, based on the interpretation of facts and data, does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the São Paulo Mais Perto program.


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